Plunåte language: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "The '''Plunåte language''' was a language spoken by the Plunåte people. The following information is for roughly the year (2073 years ago). == Phonology == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+ Consonant phonemes ! | !! colspan="2" | Bilabial !! colspan="2" | Labiodental !! colspan="2" | Dental !! colspan="2" | Alveolar !! colspan="2" | Palatal !! colspan="2" | Velar !! colspan="2" | Uvular !! colspan="2" | Glottal |- ! Plosive (Stop) | style="border..."
 
 
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Line 9: Line 9:
|-
|-
! Plosive (Stop)
! Plosive (Stop)
| style="border-right: 0;" | p || style="border-left: 0;" | b
| style="border-right: 0;" | p || style="border-left: 0;" |  
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | t̪ || style="border-left: 0;" | d̪
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |  
| style="border-right: 0;" | t || style="border-left: 0;" | d
| style="border-right: 0;" | t || style="border-left: 0;" |  
| style="border-right: 0;" | c || style="border-left: 0;" | ɟ
| style="border-right: 0;" | c || style="border-left: 0;" |  
| style="border-right: 0;" | k || style="border-left: 0;" | g
| style="border-right: 0;" | k || style="border-left: 0;" |  
| style="border-right: 0;" | q || style="border-left: 0;" | ɢ
| style="border-right: 0;" | q || style="border-left: 0;" |  
| style="border-right: 0;" | ʔ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! Fricative
| style="border-right: 0;" | ɸ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | f || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | θ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | s || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | ç || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | x || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | h || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! Nasal
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | m
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | n
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
! Front
! Back
|-
! High
| i   
| u
|-
! Mid
| e   
| o
|-
! Low 
| a
| ɒ
|}
 
Plunåte phonotactics allow '''(P)(F/N)V(F)''' syllables, where '''P''' is plosive, '''F''' is fricative, '''N''' is nasal, and '''V''' is vowel. Plunåte is stress-timed, and stress is lexical.
 
== Grammar ==
Plunåte grammar is marked by a high degree of agglutination, with case markers allowing a fairly flexible word order.
 
=== Nouns ===
Nouns in Plunåte have two stems: the isolate stem and the inflected stem. The isolate stem is used in sentence fragments, especially in response to questions, such as (example here). The inflected stem is used in full sentences. It is formed by the following process:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Process of forming Plunåte inflected stems
! Stem
! Suffix added
|-
| Ends in consonant
| (no suffix)
|-
| Last syllable of stem has two consonants in the onset
| -i
|-
| Ends in i, u, o
| -ɸe
|-
| Ends in e, a, ɒ
| -hɒ
|}
 
After the inflected form is formed, optional suffixes can be added for case, gender, and whether the item belongs to the your group or another group. The following tables demonstrate the suffixes that are added:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Case suffixes
! Case
! Suffix
|-
| Nominative
| -ça
|-
| Accusative
| -netu
|-
| Dative
| -neka
|-
| Genetive (possessed)
| -okfas
|-
| Moving towards
| -qnoxɒ
|-
| Moving away from
| -qnafo
|-
| Inside
| -feçika
|-
| Outside
| -fecoço
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Gender suffixes
! Gender
! Suffix
|-
| Male
| -kɸosu
|-
| Female
| -içefɒ
|-
| Third gender
| -otu
|-
| Inanimate
| -metsanɒ
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Possession suffixes
! Possessor
! Suffix
|-
| You (individually)
| -nepnoç
|-
| Your group
| -qɒnu
|-
| Another group
| -ksoɸe
|}
 
Adjectives are given the same suffixes as the nouns they modify.
 
=== Verbs ===
Plunåte verbs are conjugated with three suffixes. The first one marks when the action starts, and the second marks when the action stops. The third marks how the speaker feels about the action. The first two suffixes have the same forms, the order determines which one is the start and which one is the stop.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Start/stop suffixes
! Tense
! Suffix
|-
| Past
| -cocoç
|-
| Present
| -xe
|-
| Future
| -enɒ
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ How the speaker feels suffixes
! Mood
! Suffix
|-
| Content
| -ɒtθef
|-
| Disappointed
| -θoçne
|-
| Delighted
| -ceke
|-
| Worried
| -neksɒ
|-
| Unsure
| -mɒstu
|}
 
Adverbs are given the same suffixes as the verbs they modify.
 
=== Pronouns ===
Pronouns in Plunåte exist only for the first and second person. They take all the suffixes of nouns, except those suffixes are mandatory, not optional, except the possession suffix, which is never used. The first person pronoun is '''mɒ''' while the second person pronoun is '''se'''.
 
== Example sentences ==
{|
| '''mɒhɒ''' || '''-ça''' || '''-içefɒ''' || '''ɒɸu''' || '''-cocoç''' || '''-cocoç''' || '''-ɒtθef''' || '''maxqoɸe''' || '''-netu''' || '''-qɒnu'''
|-
| I || NOM || FEM || to.eat || START.PAST || END.PAST || contentedly || red.meat || ACC || belonging.to.my.group
|}
"I (female) (contentedly) ate red meat (belonging to my group)."


{|
| '''hoɸe''' || '''-ça''' || '''txaç''' || '''-ça''' || '''cequ''' || '''-cocoç''' || '''-enɒ''' || '''-ɒtθef'''
|-
| plunåv || NOM || fast || NOM || to.be || START.PAST || END.FUTURE || contentedly
|}
|}
"[[Plunåvs]] are fast (not just in this moment) (and I'm fine with that)."

Latest revision as of 22:20, 23 May 2025

The Plunåte language was a language spoken by the Plunåte people.

The following information is for roughly the year (2073 years ago).

Phonology

Consonant phonemes
Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Plosive (Stop) p t c k q
Fricative ɸ f θ s ç x h
Nasal m n
Vowel phonemes
Front Back
High i u
Mid e o
Low a ɒ

Plunåte phonotactics allow (P)(F/N)V(F) syllables, where P is plosive, F is fricative, N is nasal, and V is vowel. Plunåte is stress-timed, and stress is lexical.

Grammar

Plunåte grammar is marked by a high degree of agglutination, with case markers allowing a fairly flexible word order.

Nouns

Nouns in Plunåte have two stems: the isolate stem and the inflected stem. The isolate stem is used in sentence fragments, especially in response to questions, such as (example here). The inflected stem is used in full sentences. It is formed by the following process:

Process of forming Plunåte inflected stems
Stem Suffix added
Ends in consonant (no suffix)
Last syllable of stem has two consonants in the onset -i
Ends in i, u, o -ɸe
Ends in e, a, ɒ -hɒ

After the inflected form is formed, optional suffixes can be added for case, gender, and whether the item belongs to the your group or another group. The following tables demonstrate the suffixes that are added:

Case suffixes
Case Suffix
Nominative -ça
Accusative -netu
Dative -neka
Genetive (possessed) -okfas
Moving towards -qnoxɒ
Moving away from -qnafo
Inside -feçika
Outside -fecoço
Gender suffixes
Gender Suffix
Male -kɸosu
Female -içefɒ
Third gender -otu
Inanimate -metsanɒ
Possession suffixes
Possessor Suffix
You (individually) -nepnoç
Your group -qɒnu
Another group -ksoɸe

Adjectives are given the same suffixes as the nouns they modify.

Verbs

Plunåte verbs are conjugated with three suffixes. The first one marks when the action starts, and the second marks when the action stops. The third marks how the speaker feels about the action. The first two suffixes have the same forms, the order determines which one is the start and which one is the stop.

Start/stop suffixes
Tense Suffix
Past -cocoç
Present -xe
Future -enɒ
How the speaker feels suffixes
Mood Suffix
Content -ɒtθef
Disappointed -θoçne
Delighted -ceke
Worried -neksɒ
Unsure -mɒstu

Adverbs are given the same suffixes as the verbs they modify.

Pronouns

Pronouns in Plunåte exist only for the first and second person. They take all the suffixes of nouns, except those suffixes are mandatory, not optional, except the possession suffix, which is never used. The first person pronoun is mɒ while the second person pronoun is se.

Example sentences

mɒhɒ -ça -içefɒ ɒɸu -cocoç -cocoç -ɒtθef maxqoɸe -netu -qɒnu
I NOM FEM to.eat START.PAST END.PAST contentedly red.meat ACC belonging.to.my.group

"I (female) (contentedly) ate red meat (belonging to my group)."

hoɸe -ça txaç -ça cequ -cocoç -enɒ -ɒtθef
plunåv NOM fast NOM to.be START.PAST END.FUTURE contentedly

"Plunåvs are fast (not just in this moment) (and I'm fine with that)."

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